Role Of Wholesalers, Retailers And Co-operatives

A manufacturing factory usually produce a large number of goods on top of a commodity or a variety of the same basic product , for example Mr Profit industry at london produce a bathing soap,washing soap and variety of other soap detergent. Mr profit has to decide how to market his product.

The company can undertake the task of selling the goods to the consumers in this respect it can employ a salesmn to run a delivery system, carry stocks organise distribution, advertise it product, establish deport centre and servicing as well as maintenance centre for its vehicles.

Wholesalers

The wholesalers buy goods in bulk from producers and sell them to retailers according to their requirements. By doing this, the wholesaler helps the process of production in a number of ways some of which are described are: 1. The wholesaler is a middle man in the distribution of goods. He buys the goods in bulk from the warehousing and city deport. He put the goods in his own warehouse, break up the bulk repackage where necessary and sells the goods in smaller quantities to retailers. 2.He provides his own storage facilities in so doing he relieves the manufacturer of the burden and cost of maintaining warehouse in every town and city. 3.The wholesaler finance the manufacturer through the depot which often run into thousands of dollars, to him in in lies of supplies . 4.He gives the producer vital information regarding the market situation of the products he deals in. 5.The wholesaler sometimes provides credit facilities to the retailers.

Retailer The retailer carries out the last stage of productive process, for it is he who puts the goods in the hands of the consumers. His work has been summarised as that of being the right goods in the right time for the right person, especially he performs the following functions: 1.The retailer is the last link of distribution he has the right goods in the right place and at the right time. He stores small quantities of variety of goods which he sells to his customers, the customer is thus able to choose the one he/she likes. 2.Sometimes, the retailer take the goods to where it is most convenient to the customers. Retailers are found every where in the town, some deliver goods from door to door . For example, news vendors and some of them take their goods to local market in villages. 3.Retailers may provide credit facilities to customer in the sense that they do not immediately pay for what they buy. 4.They may also provide after sales services to their customers. 5.They may advise the wholesaler and manufacturer on the goods they market.

As a wholesaler or retailer you have to play along with this roles as it is your duty and responsiblity to promote goods to consumers and ensure that goods are in the right place in the right time.

Distributive Trade - Process Of Distribution

The process of distribution refers to a series of activties which takes place between the time of the production of goods and the time they reach the final consumers or put it another way, the time taken up by the production unit of such activities are part of a continuing process of productions. The chain of activities include handling,warehousing and space to bring goods to the consumers at a convenient time and place to ensure the arrival of items.

Purchasing Agreement primary product are usually purchased small quantities and assembled before further distribution activities can begin in the case of processed goods, the wholesaler and retailer are the ones who make the purchasing arrangement.

Assembling Process This process is common among production such as yams,beans and rice. Usually this type of goods are been gathered or assembled before distribution.

Packaging Packaging preserves product and enables easy handling, especially a perishable goods. It provides compactness a greatly simplified distribution and transportation.

In recent years there has been an increase in the use of containers such as bottle made up of plastic and glass and cartons and paper wrappers, now virtually all transported goods rely on packaging as part and parcel of the mordern distribution system.

Ware-Housing This allow for central point of collection before distribution. It is important especially for goods that are produced seasonally and have to be distributed intermentity over a long period. It also serves as means of stabilising. The distribution and therefore the price of goods without creating shortage, both the manufacturer and the middle men-wholesalers and retailers can involv in the storage of goods before the goods finally reach the consumers.

Inventory management entails checking from time to time the level of stock and the condition and quality of the variety of goods stored in the ware house, it is the part of the warehousing arrangement which ensures the steady flow of goods.

Depot Servicing

Such services is mainly carried out by large manufacturers on a network distribution. The depot is not just a place for goods in transit, it plays the very important role of balancing supply and demand for the distributed goods by keeping in reserve stocks of them and releasing them in times of shortage or low supply.

Marketing Functions

Marketing function is the final distribution activity. It put goods in the hands of retailers and hawkers who make the goods available to the consumer in the super market, in the local market and along the road side.

Some goods that are to be distributed need to pass through all the process. The level of sophisticated of the distribution managements depend upon the nature of the goods, the geographical area of distribution and the marketing system. In simple one middle men( although there are also women traders who act on a ink between the producer and the consumer, for ease of expression, this term will be used for both sexes throughout this chapter and the books ) purchase yam from the farmers either at their homes or in local market.

this methods of distribution helps the manufacturing company to be more flexible in the distribition process because all goods are been put to their respective angle, when the need to go for a particular product it will not be hard in serach of it because the producers have place them in place where they can be traced. And it will be hard for a product to perish or breakddown, they are packaged and kept in a place where it could be for a very long time. As a producer or manufacturer this has to be put into consideration.

How To Start A Business From Scratch

For every succesful business, there is a start from the scratch. There are alot of people out there who wants to start a business but they don't know how. Many might have ideas on how to start a business and some might have the capital,resources,equipments and technology know how but they don't have the courage and guts. Ignite your zeal of starting up a business but don't ignore this guide lines as you go along.
First of all, you have to decide on what kind of business you want to bring up, what are the benefits you want to derive from the business, how can you satisfy your customers, research on it, think on it and fix out your goals. Bring up a new business facilities or techniques then set out your plans and start walking towards it.
Your capital that you need to invest in starting up a business matters most. What kind of business do u want to into? How much will it cost to start up that business? .You might want to start a business which is not common in your surroundings or perhaps a business which is mostly patronised by alot of individuals. Its all good! Any of which you want go into but probe first to know the value you will derive from the business you are starting up. .Depending on the type of business you choosed to start up, it might be requiring a high or low capital to sprung up the business, having the capital to start up a specific business is the first key to the room of trial.
Observe the area of your desired location and see if the place could attracts the kind of market that you envision for you business. Check the kind of people who frequent the area and study it demographics. Note that the geographical nature of the neighborhood could affects or helps the business. Location is everything in punch line of every business, you want to be in the middle of the market not somne faraway place where dozens of your competitors will get to your customers first. In a situation where you want to start a business but you don't have the cash flow to go into it, you can collect loan from the bank, how? Thats not a big deal if you a property that has value you can set it as qualateral to the bank. You can go out to seek help from your family and friends to get the capital that you need to start up a business. Try to save as much as you can from the profit you make and settle debts you are owing. Total devotion to your business and sincerity to the people that you deal with, will take you to the higher levels and allow you to branch out in a matter of time. There will be a lot of risk and pitfalls that you should be prepared for, starting up a business is a Big Deal. Goodluck as you get Started!

How To Make A Business More Profitable

In all kinds of business, profit is the order of the day. Every business needs profit for it to survive and to continue it production and services. A business that do not experience profit is certainly going to fail, perhaps it will fall because there woun't be any pillar to hold it up. If a business lacks profit, definately it will loss. Get the clue on how to make your business more profitable.

.How To Meet Your Profit

.Cost Of your Product/Services

.Building Up Goodwill

How To Meet Your Profit everyone who is into business want to get profit regardless of things to be done. As an enterpreneur or a business man, you give the best quality of your product/services with the pursuit of making it available by your customers or consumers who are craving for it and exploring your product and services to places which it is not recognised. In all sales made you have to calculate the resources you've put into production and how much you are getting after every sales made base on the amount of product/services sold out. .Minus your capital being into production or purchases from the total sales made and get to know whether you are on profit or loss. .Fix a price that will suit the type of production/services you are rendering, the price should not be too high or too low. .Giving out the basic needs of your consumers for they will always come to buy more or less ib bulk.

Cost Of Your Product/Services The cost of a product or services in a business helps in determining wether the business is on profit making or running to loss. Set a nice cost or price tag which will please you and your customers, as a good quality product/services rendered to your customers so is the profit you are going to make. .Your product should not be too expensive. .Beat your cost/price down from what your competitors are selling on same product with two percent discount. .The cost of your product should not just rise for no reason, atleast it should rise or fall due to inflation and deflation in the economy.

Building Up Goodwill This a nice way of pursuing profit, by building up the foundations of your business on a solid rock, which tends the quality of your product/services, the relationship between you and your customers or business associates. When a business build up goodwill, it has gotten the value of commercial advantage over it competitors running same business. Your customers will always patronise you for the quality product/services you've been rendering and the relationship that bounds you, the business and the customers. .Good product/services .Set out a good relationship between the business and it's customers. .Sincerity, avoid sentiments. Building up a good business and setting it goals, hitting d clock with the expected punch thats the road to elevate your profit and drop your loss. As an enterpreneur making profit in a business woun't be a problem because u need to know all this facts behind profit making. Profit making is not an ice on the cake you have to work on it, just as there is alot of risk and problems in businesses that you have to face and conquer. Give the best in your business and focus on acheiving. Good luck!

10 Reasons Why Workers Earn Different Salaries

In our world today there are different kinds of workers with different professions, amongst them are high and low income earners. Many are wondering why some people earn salary more than they do, especially their co-workers. Here are the reasons why there are alot of differencies in salary earning.

1.Period of training: some workers spend more years to acquire their training and improve in skills than others and therefore they are rewarded more than their counterparts. For instance, medical doctors and engineers spend more years in their training than typist and clerks.

2.The amount spent in the course of training: those who spend more amount in the course of their training and are rewarded more in line with what they spent during training.

3.The skills require at work: while it requires special skill acquired through training to be a doctor or an engineer, it does not need any special skill to be a messenger or a cleaner. Hence doctors and engineers are paid for more than messengers and cleaners.

4.The force of demand and supply: the rate at when a particular labour is demanded relative to our supply affects the reward it will attracts. For instance the demand for unskilled labour is fewer than it's supply. therefore it records is low. The demand for medical doctors is still higher than their supply. Hence the higher reward paid to them.

5.The role of trade union: trade union which acts as an umbrella that brings some that bring some together play significance role in bringing about difference in rewards for labour in some cases, they use the instruments of industrial action to process higher rewards for their members.

6.The level of productivity: the higher the level of productivity workers give out the higher reward or salary they will get.

7.The social value for a particular job: The extent the society value a particular job determines what the reward for such labour will be. For instance the society places high premium on the work of clergy men others, even though they do not produce tangible commodities, hence the work of clergy men attracts higher pay.

8.The relationship between employees: This "god father" is at times has nohing to do with the level of production and it's qualification of it workers.

9.The risk involved in a job: These jobs trhat involves more risk attract higher pay of workers that risk their lives, like pilots are paid higher than their counterparts in less dangerous works like motor driving.

10.Sex consideration: In some societies were there is descrimination, men have rewards more their women counterparts. These male have this belief that men work more harder than women and therefore should be paid more.

How To Start Partnership In A Business

In the running of the day to day activities and movements all around the world in pursuit of profit,gain,valueable stuffs and things that are so dear to us, just like the business world. A sole proprietor running a business in pursuit of profit, perhaps he can't move alone or his business is not moving to the right direction the sole proprietor and individuals who had not been into business for the fear of bearing risk and loss alone may go into partnership.

Partnership is the relationship which subsist between two or more individuals with a minimum limit of two(2) members and a maximum limit of twenty(20) or more base on their agreements. This partners will agree unanimously to run a define business accepted by law with a view of making profit and sharing the profit among themselves in accordance with the agreed sharing ratios. As a sole proprietor or one man business goes into partnership business, there must be a reason and aim of his change of business class.

Reasons For Partnership Business

.Capital expansion

.Profit expansion

.For greater effeciency and productivity

.For maintenance of relationship

.sharing of risk

Formation Of Partners

when two or more individuals who are not into business come together unanimously to run a business with a view of making profit and sharing profit in accordance with the agreed sharing ratios.

An individual who is running a sole proprietorship business decide to invite another individual who is not in business to run an enterpreneurship together with a view of making profit and sharing profit in accordance with agreed sharing ratios.

When two or more individuals, each of them running a sole proprietorship business, unanimously to almagamate their independence inorder to run a define business with a view of making profit and sharing it accordingly base on the agreed sharing ratios. In the case of sharing of running partnership enterpreneurship there are different kinds of partners who has their own specific part or role to play in running a partnership business this types of partners are:

.Active Partner is a partner who contributed capital and also agreed to participate in the day to day running of the business.

Dormant Partner is a partner who contributed capital but do not take active part in running of the business.

Quasi Partner this is the partner who allows the partnership business to use his name or title to run the affairs of the business but did not contribute capital and therefore he is entitled to the share of profit.

Limited Partner is a partner who is always liable to the amount of capital contributed in case of liquidation. In all cases of partnership there must be atleast one imited partner, this type of partners will only contribute the same amount which they conributed at the begining of the business life. For example, if Mr A,B,C&D are in partnershiip and they contributed $20,000 each, if Mr D, is the limited partner among them it means that if the business falls into trouble or debt of $1,000,000 Mr D, can only contribute the same $20,000 which he contributed at the begining of the business.

Individuals coming together to go into partnership business, there must be an agreement between them or partnership deed, this is a document that contains sets of rules and regulations or principles also known as partnership constitution, design specifically the relationship that will exist among the the partners and between the partners and the partnership business and also the operational activities of the business.

Content Of Partnership Deed this is the agreement between the investors of this business to go into partnership and they have all come into one agreement and conclusion and therefore the content of the partnership will be let known to every member of the partnership business. Like: 1. Name of the business 2.principal place of the business, known as address 3.Nature of the buisiness 4.Capital contribution 5.sharing of profit and loss 6.Issue of drawing 7.Interst on drawing 8.Interest on capital 9.Interest on partnership loan 10.Interest on partners current account balance.

As an individual or sole proprietor who is facing problems in his/her business because of the stress in running of the business or the need of large capital to enlarge the business, check around and go into a partnership business and before going into a partnership business, examine their sales and their out puts if it is favourable for you to join and make profit. If you've been a sole proprietor for a very long time and your business is not experiencing profit, why don't you look for a good partnership business around and invest, to less your stress and elevate your profit, partner!

CONSUMER PROTECTION - WAYS TO PROTECT CONSUMERS

There are so many methods to ensure that consumers derives satisfaction in the goods they consume and are protected from unscription producers/sellers from exploitating them. A consumer is defined as someone who acquires goods or services for direct use or ownership rather than for resale or use in production and manufacturing.

THE NEED TO PROTECT CONSUMERS

. To ensure that consumers have maximum satisfaction from the goods they consume.

. Ensuring that the goods he buys does not deteriorate the health of the the consumer.

. It ensures that the satisfaction the consumer derives from consuming the goods is equal to the money he invested in it.

. Consumer protection is necessary to ensure that food offered for sale does not contain dangerous chemicals,addictive and the goods does not have any side effect.

. Consumers are protected against who may like the prices of the product making it difficult for the consumers to afford them.

. Ensure that consumers get the types of goods and services needed.

Consumers protection consist of laws and organisations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as trade of competition and the free flow of truthful information and services in the market place. The law are designed to prevent business that engage in fraud.

LAWS THAT PROTECT CONSUMERS

The laws protecting consumers are based on countries or continents inwhich the laws are practiced. A country might have it own rules of protecting a consumer from fraud,theft,loss,bankruptcy e.t.c

The first known legislation to protect the right of the consumer is the SALES OF GOODS ACT. The law was made in England in 1893. this law is practiced in england and many countries in Africa and other continents around the globe practice this law.

The law states out the right and duties of both the buyer and the seller. The following are the provision of the sales of goods act to protect consumers.

1. whenever the seller promised the buyer that a goods will perform incertain ways, the buyer is entitled to the fulfilment of that promise. And if the did not acheive the quality or derive anything from the product as promised by the seller, the buyer has the right to sue the seller and the buyer will be indemnify of loss posed on him by the seller.

2. The buyer is entitled to insist the product he receives should conform with the description of the product which form parts or basic of sales.

3. There should be proper and good labeling of food meant for sales.

4. It educates the consumer of drug abuse.

5. It requires drug manufacture professionals to test the quality,safety and effectiveness of goods before marketing.

6. It prohibit sales of unfit goods and misleading description and nutritional value and quality of food.

Consumers Credit Act (United Kingdom)1974.

It protects consumers and sellers inrespect of credit sales. It prohibits high interest rates.

Price Control.

The price control board was established to fix prices on consumer goods. Seller forbiding from selling higher than the fixed prices, the price control board is longer in operation.

RENT EDICT.

This is the official orders set by authorities amongst land lord's and their agent in the adminstration of tenancy agreement.

Consumer protection law was set out for guiding consumers. Its a way of preventing fraud and scams from almagamated hoodlums in disguise of organisations or businesses services and sale contracts, bill collector regulation,consolidation.pricing utility turnoffs,personal loan that may lead to bankruptcy.